General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China that during the “14th Five-Year Plan” period, cultural undertakings and cultural industries should be prosperous and developed, and the country’s cultural soft power should be improved. In recent years, experts and scholars have conducted in-depth and extensive research on how to promote the development of my country’s culture around Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.

Among them, some viewpoints are also put forward on the definition of cultural undertakings and cultural industries. For example, some scholars propose that there is currently no clear boundary between cultural undertakings and cultural industries in my country, and some scholars propose that the core of the difference between cultural undertakings and cultural industries is profit. Wait. It is necessary to carry out further research on the boundary between cultural undertakings and cultural industries, and clarify their respective scopes, as an important basis for the government to clarify its functional positioning and formulate fiscal and tax policies, and to promote a better combination of effective markets and promising governments. of.

The connotation of cultural undertakings and cultural industries

Culture and its dual attributes. The connotation of culture is very rich and the extension is very extensive. It is very difficult to give it a strict and precise definition. Describing culture with the scope of its coverage is more straightforward and can meet the needs of different research fields. In order to increase the content of ideology, philosophy and social sciences, ideological and moral construction, cultural going global, and national cultural soft power, they are included in the research scope. Culture has “dual attributes”, which is the biggest feature that distinguishes it from other commodities. On the one hand, culture exists in the form of cultural products, with the use value and exchange value of commodities, and can obtain economic benefits and realize reproduction through market exchange; on the other hand, culture has both ideological attributes and carries values. All the spiritual activities of human beings and their products have the function of educating the people and guiding the society.

The proposal of cultural undertakings and cultural industries. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, my country’s cultural development has gone through a process from state control to division of careers and industries, and has gradually explored the development path of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics. The distinction between career and industry of culture stems from the “dual attributes” of culture. Breaking the historical unification of cultural undertakings and fully acknowledging the commodity attributes of culture can promote the close integration of culture and economy, and promote the integrated development of culture and sports, tourism, information and other industries. At the same time, the introduction of the industry means that the cultural field can not only perform the functions of government administration, but also allow the market to determine the allocation of resources, thereby promoting an efficient market and a promising government to play a better role in cultural development.

Factors affecting the boundary division of cultural undertakings and cultural industries

As for how to divide cultural undertakings and cultural industries, the author believes that it cannot be simply judged, but needs to be analyzed from multiple dimensions.

Cultural product attributes. For cultural products with prominent ideological attributes, and with public welfare and basic characteristics, most of them are provided by the government, or provide free services, or lower costs and lower fees, and belong to the category of cultural undertakings; Cultural products with characteristics of sexuality and marketability are usually provided by cultural enterprises in accordance with the requirements of the market to provide cultural products with a profit-making nature to the society to meet the personalized cultural needs of some people, which belong to the category of cultural industry. Therefore, by determining the main aspects of the attributes of cultural products, they can be defined between cultural undertakings and cultural industries.

Cultural development model. The public welfare and basic characteristics of cultural undertakings determine that the supply of related cultural products should be dominated by the government. The cultural development model determined by each country based on the actual economic and social development of its own country determines the breadth and depth of the government’s cultural management function. For example, the government-led cultural development model has greater responsibilities, deeper participation, and wider cultural undertakings than the market-led cultural development model. It can be seen that the scope and content of cultural undertakings are, to a large extent, part of the cultural field that is artificially delineated according to the positioning of government functions under a specific cultural development model. Different modes of cultural development have different scopes of cultural undertakings.

The level of domestic economic and social development. At different stages of economic and social development, the people’s demand for cultural products presents different characteristics. When the development is relatively backward, cultural undertakings aim to meet the people’s most basic needs for public cultural services. However, with the development of economy and society, the people are no longer satisfied with the previous level of public cultural services provided by the government, and put forward higher requirements for the content and quality of public cultural services. At the same time, with the improvement of the level of cultural productivity and the drive of technological innovation, the people’s demand for personalized and higher-level cultural products has also grown rapidly, becoming an important aspect of their needs for a better life. With the development of economy and society, the connotation of cultural products is constantly expanding, and there is also dynamic adjustment between cultural undertakings and cultural industries.

Globalization trends and international situations. Marx pointed out in The Communist Manifesto: “The bourgeoisie, by opening up the world market, has made the production and consumption of all countries worldwide. . . The inter-communication and inter-dependence of various nationalities have been replaced. This is true of material production, and so is spiritual production.” 200 years ago, Marx’s assertion about the cosmopolitan character of cultural products has become a reality: culture breaks through national and Due to geographical restrictions, cultural exchanges between countries are more convenient, frequent and in-depth, the extension of culture continues to expand, and the content of cultural undertakings and cultural industries also expands.

Two points of view need to be explained: first, cultural undertakings and cultural industries are different ways to meet the needs of the people for cultural products, and they are different business formats derived from different attributes of cultural products. The two are both related and different. In many cases, the boundaries between cultural undertakings and cultural industries are rather blurred. Therefore, when defining, there are often more than two influencing factors. We need to select the most critical and most important factors as the demarcation of careers and industries. in accordance with. Second, considering that the identification of cultural undertakings is largely influenced by national cultural strategic decisions, it is determined artificially. Therefore, dividing the content of cultural undertakings in the cultural field is the key to defining cultural undertakings and cultural industries.

Definition and analysis of cultural undertakings and cultural industries in the new era

Entering the new era, it is necessary to define the scope of cultural undertakings and cultural industries, so as to provide useful lessons and references for the government to build a new pattern of cultural development and promote cultural prosperity.

Current factor analysis. From the perspective of the attributes of cultural products, the public welfare and basic nature of cultural undertakings, and the management and marketability of cultural industries have not changed. For a long time, it is necessary to adopt a cultural development model between government-led and market-led; from the perspective of domestic economic and social development level, my country has built a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, the main social contradictions have changed, and the structural relationship between cultural demand and cultural supply. Contradictions are more prominent, and the question of “good or bad, not good” has become more prominent; from the perspective of globalization trends and the international situation, the world’s multi-polarization, economic globalization, social informatization, and cultural diversification are developing in depth, strengthening Sino-foreign people-to-people and cultural exchanges, Promoting the building of international communication capacity and improving the country’s soft power has become an important part of cultural development.

Definition of cultural undertakings and cultural industries in the new era:

About cultural undertakings. Comprehensively consider the attributes of cultural products and the level of domestic economic and social development, and include basic public services in the content creation and production of libraries, archives, cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage protection, museums, martyrs’ cemetery memorial halls, and creation and performance services. Cultural undertakings: Considering the cultural development model and combining the positioning of government functions, ideology, philosophy and social sciences, and ideological and moral construction are incorporated into cultural undertakings. In addition, following the principle of “cultural exception”, the ideology-related parts of various fields and links of the cultural industry are included in cultural undertakings; considering globalization trends and the international situation, the country’s cultural soft power is incorporated into cultural undertakings.

About the cultural industry. In addition to the above-mentioned fields included in cultural undertakings, news information services, content creation and production, creative performance services, creative design services, cultural communication channels, cultural investment and operation, cultural entertainment and leisure services, cultural auxiliary production and intermediary services, cultural equipment production, cultural The production of consumer terminals and the “going out” of culture are all included in the cultural industry.

Cultural undertakings and cultural industries are business types distinguished from the laws of cultural development under the conditions of the socialist market economy. But whether it is cultural undertakings or cultural industries, we must always adhere to the fundamental guarantee of the party’s overall leadership, put social benefits first, and through high-quality development, enable the people to truly enjoy the fruits of cultural construction.